Refine your search
Collections
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Sharma, Rajat Kumar
- Energy use Pattern in Wheat Crop Production System among Different Farmer Groups of the Himalayan Tarai Region
Abstract Views :230 |
PDF Views:76
Authors
Rajat Kumar Sharma
1,
T. K. Bhattacharya
1,
Akanksha Kumain
1,
Priyanka Chand
1,
Sandip Mandal
1,
Deepshikha Azad
1
Affiliations
1 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
1 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 3 (2020), Pagination: 448-454Abstract
This study examines the energy use pattern in wheat crop cultivation in the Himalayan Tarai region of India among different farmer groups. A total of 250 farmers from 59 villages were interviewed and information on various inputs in wheat crop production was collected during 2015–16. Based on the information, all the inputs in wheat crop production were identified and converted into energy using standard energy equivalents. Results showed that the total energy expenditure in wheat crop production in the region was 20497.1 MJ/ha in which fertilizer, fuel and seed shared 85% of the total energy. Fertilizer alone accounted for 50.2% of total energy followed by fuel (22.6%). It was estimated that farmers of the large and medium category used more energy compared to those having small landholding, but also produced more grains. Operation-wise, fertilizer application consumed maximum energy followed by tillage operation. The average value estimated for output-to-unit input energy ratio was 3.02, whereas it was 3.26, 3.15, 3.14, 3.11 and 2.95 for large, medium, semi-medium, small and marginal category farmers respectively. It can be concluded from the present study that energy consumption has a positive relationship with yield.Keywords
Agriculture, Energy Use Pattern, Farmer Groups, Wheat Crop.Full Text
References
- Hülsbergen, K. J., Feil, B., Biermann, S., Rathke, G.-W., Kalk, W.-D. and Diepenbrock, W., A method of energy balancing in crop production and its application in a long-term fertilizer trial. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2001, 86(3), 303–321.
- Pahlavan, R., Omid, M. and Akram, A., Energy input–output analysis and application of artificial neural networks for predicting greenhouse basil production. Energy, 2014, 37(1), 171–176.
- Srivastava, N. S. L., Long-term strategies and programmes for mechanization of agriculture in agro climatic zone–V: Upper Gangetic Plains region, 2002; www.farmech.gov.in (accessed on 20 January 2017).
- Singh, H., Singh, A. K., Kushwaha, H. L. and Singh, A., Energy consumption pattern of wheat production in India. Energy, 2007, 32, 1848–1854.
- Lal, R., Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 2004, 304, 1623–1627.
- Singh, S. and Singh, G., Energy input versus crop yield relationship for four major crops of northern India. Agric. Mech. Asia Africa Latin Am., 1992, 23(2), 57–62.
- Pathak, B. S. and Bining, A. S., Energy use pattern and potential for energy saving in rice–wheat cultivation. Energy Agric., 1985, 4, 271–278; 10.1016/0167-582690022-1.
- Esengun, K., Gunduz, O. and Erdal, G., Input-output energy analysis in dry apricot production of Turkey. Energy Convers. Manage., 2007, 48, 592–598.
- Pishgar, K. S. H., Keyhani, A., Rafiee, Sh. and Sefeedpary, P., Energy use and economic analysis of corn silage production under three cultivated area levels in Tehran province of Iran. Energy, 2011, 36(5), 3335–3341.
- Government of Uttarakhand, Statistical Diary of Uttarakhand, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department, 2014, pp. 46–61.
- Safa, M., Samarasinghe, S. and Mohsen, M., A field study of energy consumption in wheat production in Canterbury, New Zealand. Energy Convers. Manage., 2011, 52(778), 2526–2536.
- De, D., Energy use in crop production system in India, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, 2005.
- De, D., Energy use pattern and future energy requirement for crop production by 2020. J. Agric. Eng., 2006, 43(3), 32–41.
- Mandal, S. et al., Energy efficiency and economics of rice cultivation systems under subtropical Eastern Himalaya. Energy Sustain. Dev., 2014, 28, 115–121.
- Singh, M. K., Pal, S. K., Thakur, R. and Verma, U. N., Energy input– output relationship of cropping systems. Indian J Agron., 1997, 67, 262–264.
- Hirel, B., Thierry, T., Lea, P. and Dubois, F., Improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops for sustainable agriculture. Sustainability, 2011, 3, 1452–1485.
- Fageria, N. K. and Baligar, V. C., Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Adv. Agron., 2005, 1(88), 97–185.
- Aghapour, M. S. and Masihi, S., Examination of the relationship between energy consumption and performance of potato crop in cultivation under plastic in Dezful City. IJFAS, 2014, 4(53), 383– 389.
- Baishya, A. and Sharma, G. L., Energy budgeting of rice–wheat cropping system. Indian J. Agron., 1990, 35, 167–177.
- Clemens, D. R., Weise, S. F., Brown, R., Stonehouse, D. P., Hume, D. J. and Swanton, C. J., Energy analyses of tillage and herbicide inputs in alternative weed management systems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 1995, 52, 119–128.
- Indian Standard IS:9164, 1979, Guide for estimating cost of farm machinery operation.
- Mittal, J. P. and Dhawan, K. C., Research Manual on Energy Requirements in Agricultural Sector, ICAR, New Delhi, 1988, pp. 20–33.
- Kitani, O., Energy and Biomass Engineering. CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Vol. (V) (ed. St. Joseph), ASAE Publication, MI, USA, 1999.
- Deriving Fuel From Pine Needles Through Pyrolysis, Charring and Briquetting and Their GHG Emission Potential
Abstract Views :88 |
PDF Views:68
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, India., IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, India., IN
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, India., IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, India., IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 10 (2023), Pagination: 1210-1215Abstract
The present communication presents an overview of generating renewable fuels from pine needles through pyrolysis and briquetting technology. Pine needles are the products of leaf shedding in the forests from pine trees and are considered potential fire hazards. Studies conducted in the last few years show that this biomass can be effectively utilized for the production of bio-oil, biochar and briquettes in an environment-friendly manner. Through pyrolysis, pine needles could be converted to 35% bio-oil with a calorific value of 28.52 MJ kg–1, which can be a base material for other fuels and chemicals. The process also yields 25% biochar, which has a half-life of 600–1000 years and is a suitable material for soil carbon sequestration. The proposed pine needle-based energy centre can produce about 3.8 t briquettes, 1.2 t bio-oil, 1.6 t biochar and 1240 Nm3 pyrolysis gas from 10 t pine needles, with an energy efficiency of 87.2%. Greenhouse gas emissions were found to be considerably lower for charring and pyrolysis routes compared to forest burning.Keywords
Briquettes, Charring, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Pine Needles, Pyrolysis.Full Text
References
- Kumar, A., Kumar, N., Baredar, P. and Shukla, A., A review on bio-mass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2015, 45, 530–539.
- Mandal, S., Bhattacharya, T. K. and Tanna, H., Energy harnessing routes of rice straw. Curr. Sci., 2017, 113(1), 21–23.
- Mandal, S. et al., Valorization of pine needles by thermal conversion to solid, liquid and gaseous fuels in a screw reactor. Waste Biomass Valorizat., 2019, 10(12), 3587–3599.
- Mohan, D., Pittman Jr, C. U. and Steele, P. H., Pyrolysis of wood/ biomass for bio-oil: a critical review. Energy Fuels, 2006, 20(3), 848–889.
- Mandal, S., Verma, B. C., Ramkrushna, G. I., Singh, R. K. and Rajk-howa, D. J., Characterization of biochar obtained from weeds and its effect on soil properties of North Eastern Region of India. J. En-viron. Biol., 2015, 36(2), 499–505.
- Mandal, S. et al., Briquetting of pine needles (Pinus roxburgii) and their physical, handling and combustion properties. Waste Biomass Valorizat., 2019, 10(8), 2415–2424; https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12649-018-0239-4.
- Dwivedi, R. K., Singh, R. P. and Bhattacharya, T. K., Studies on bio-pretreatment of pine needles for sustainable energy thereby preventing wild forest fires. Curr. Sci., 2016, 111(2), 388.
- Mandal, S., Bhattacharya, T. K., Verma, A. K. and Juma, H., Opti-mization of process parameters for bio-oil synthesis from pine needles (Pinus roxburghii) using response surface methodology. Chem. Pap., 2017; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-017-0306-5.
- Mandal, S., Ramkrushna, G. I., Verma, B. C. and Das, A., Biochar: an innovative soil ameliorant for climate change mitigation in NE India. Curr. Sci., 2013, 105(5), 568–569.
- Singh, S. V., Chaturvedi, S., Dhyani, V. C. and Kasivelu, G., Pyrolysis temperature influences the characteristics of rice straw and husk biochar and sorption/desorption behaviour of their biourea compo-site. Bioresour. Technol., 2020, 123674.
- Hoekstra, E., Hogendoorn, K. J., Wang, X., Westerhof, R. J., Kersten, S. R., van Swaaij, W. P. and Groeneveld, M. J., Fast pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor: in situ filtering of the vapors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2009, 48(10), 4744–4756.
- Bare, J., TRACI 2.0: The tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts 2.0. Clean Technol. En-viron. Policy, 2011, 13(5), 687–696; https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10098-010-0338-9.
- Qing, Y., Fei, H., Yingquan, C., Haiping, Y. and Hanping, C., Green-house gas emissions of a biomass-based pyrolysis plant in China. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2016, 53, 1580–1590.
- Woolf, D. et al., Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Commun., 2010, 1, 56; doi:10.1038/ncomms1053.
- Hsu, D. D., Life cycle assessment of gasoline and diesel produced via fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing. Biomass Bioenergy, 2012, 45, 41–47.
- Lan, K. et al., Dynamic life-cycle carbon analysis for fast pyrolysis biofuel produced from pine residues: implications of carbon tem-poral effects. Biotechnol. Biofuels, 2021, 14, 191.